Dubi nau'ikan injunan linzamin kwamfuta daban-daban da ake da su da kuma yadda ake zaɓar nau'in mafi kyawun aikace-aikacen ku.
Labari mai zuwa shine bayyani na nau'ikan injunan linzamin kwamfuta daban-daban da ake da su, gami da ka'idodin aikin su, tarihin haɓaka maganadisu na dindindin, hanyoyin ƙira don injunan layi da sassan masana'antu ta amfani da kowane nau'in injin linzamin kwamfuta.
Fasahar Mota Mai Layi na iya zama: Motoci Induction Motors (LIM) ko Motoci Masu Aiki tare na Magnet Dindindin (PMLSM).PMLSM na iya zama baƙin ƙarfe ko baƙin ƙarfe.Ana samun duk injina a cikin tsarin lebur ko tubular.Hiwin ya kasance a sahun gaba na ƙirar motar linzamin kwamfuta da masana'anta tsawon shekaru 20.
Amfanin Motoci masu layi
Ana amfani da motar linzamin kwamfuta don samar da motsi na linzamin kwamfuta, watau, motsa nauyin da aka ba da shi a saurin da aka faɗa, saurin tafiya, nisan tafiya da daidaito.Duk fasahar motsi ban da motsin linzamin kwamfuta wasu nau'ikan injina ne don canza motsin jujjuya zuwa motsi na layi.Irin wannan tsarin motsi ana tafiyar da su ta hanyar sukurori, bel ko tara da pinion.Rayuwar sabis na duk waɗannan abubuwan tafiyarwa sun dogara sosai akan lalacewa na kayan aikin injin da ake amfani da su don canza motsin juyawa zuwa motsi na layi kuma gajere ne.
Babban fa'idar injinan linzamin kwamfuta shine samar da motsi na linzamin kwamfuta ba tare da kowane tsarin injina ba saboda iska shine matsakaicin watsawa, don haka injinan layi suna da gaske marasa fa'ida, suna ba da rayuwar sabis mara iyaka.Saboda ba a yi amfani da sassan injina don samar da motsi na linzamin kwamfuta ba, haɓakar haɓakawa mai girma yana yiwuwa a iya saurin gudu inda sauran abubuwan tafiyarwa kamar sukurori, bel ko tara da pinion za su gamu da iyakancewa.
Motocin Induction Linear
Hoto 1
Motar shigar da linzamin kwamfuta (LIM) ita ce farkon ƙirƙira (Patent US 782312 - Alfred Zehden a cikin 1905).Ya ƙunshi “primary” wanda ya ƙunshi tarin lamunin ƙarfe na wutan lantarki da kuma yawan coils na tagulla waɗanda aka samar da wutar lantarki mai kashi uku da “secondary” gabaɗaya wanda ya ƙunshi farantin karfe da farantin karfe ko aluminum.
Lokacin da manyan coils na farko suka sami kuzari sai na biyu ya zama magnetized kuma an samar da fili na igiyoyin ruwa a cikin madugu na sakandare.Wannan filin na biyu zai yi hulɗa tare da EMF na farko don samar da karfi.Hanyar motsi zai bi ka'idar hannun hagu na Fleming watau;alkiblar motsi za ta kasance daidai da alkiblar halin yanzu da shugabanci na filin / juzu'i.
Hoto 2
Motocin shigar da linzamin kwamfuta suna ba da fa'idar ƙarancin farashi saboda na biyu baya amfani da kowane maganadisu na dindindin.NdFeB da SmCo maganadiso na dindindin suna da tsada sosai.Motocin shigar da linzamin kwamfuta suna amfani da kayan gama gari, (karfe, aluminium, jan karfe), don na biyu kuma suna kawar da wannan haɗarin wadata.
Koyaya, ƙarancin amfani da induction induction na linzamin kwamfuta shine samuwar tuƙi don irin waɗannan injinan.Duk da yake yana da sauƙin nemo abubuwan tuƙi don injunan maganadisu na dindindin, yana da wahala nemo tuƙi don induction induction.
Hoto 3
Motoci Masu Aiki tare da Layin Magnet Dindindin
Permanent magnet linear synchronous Motors (PMLSM) suna da ainihin firamare iri ɗaya da na'urorin shigar da linzamin kwamfuta (watau saitin na'urorin da aka ɗora akan tarin lamunin ƙarfe na lantarki da ƙarfin lantarki mai kashi uku).Na biyu ya bambanta.
Maimakon farantin aluminum ko tagulla da aka ɗora a kan farantin karfe, na biyu yana kunshe da magneto na dindindin wanda aka saka akan farantin karfe.Kowane jagorar maganadisu na maganadisu zai musanya dangane da wanda ya gabata kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto 3.
Babban fa'idar amfani da maganadisu na dindindin shine ƙirƙirar filin dindindin a cikin sakandare.Mun ga cewa ana haifar da karfi a kan injin induction ta hanyar hulɗar filin farko da na sakandare wanda ke samuwa ne kawai bayan an halicci filin daɗaɗɗen ruwa a cikin sakandare ta hanyar iska mai iska.Wannan zai haifar da jinkirin da ake kira "slip" da motsi na sakandare ba tare da daidaitawa da ƙarfin lantarki na farko da aka kawo zuwa firamare ba.
A saboda wannan dalili, induction induction motors ana kiransa "asynchronous".A kan injin madaidaicin maganadisu na dindindin, motsi na biyu koyaushe zai kasance daidai da ƙarfin lantarki na farko saboda filin sakandare koyaushe yana samuwa kuma ba tare da wani bata lokaci ba.Saboda wannan dalili, ana kiran mashinan layi na dindindin "synchronous".
Ana iya amfani da nau'ikan maganadisu na dindindin akan PMLSM.A cikin shekaru 120 na ƙarshe, rabon kowane abu ya canza.Tun daga yau, PMLSMs suna amfani da ko dai NdFeB maganadiso ko SmCo maganadiso amma mafi yawancin suna amfani da maganadisu NdFeB.Hoto na 4 yana nuna tarihin ci gaban maganadisu na Dindindin.
Hoto 4
Ƙarfin Magnet yana siffanta samfurin makamashinsa a cikin Megagauss-Oersteds, (MGOe).Har zuwa tsakiyar tamanin kawai Karfe, Ferrite da Alnico suna samuwa kuma suna isar da samfuran makamashi marasa ƙarfi.SmCo maganadiso an ɓullo da a farkon 1960s bisa aikin Karl Strnat da Alden Ray kuma daga baya kasuwanci a cikin karshen sittin.
Hoto 5
Samfurin makamashi na maganadisu na SmCo da farko ya ninka fiye da ninki biyu na samfurin makamashi na Alnico maganadiso.A cikin 1984 General Motors da Sumitomo sun ɓullo da kansu da kansu NdFeB maganadiso, wani fili na Neodynium, Iron da Boron.Ana nuna kwatancen maganadisu na SmCo da NdFeB a cikin siffa 5.
NdFeB maganadiso suna haɓaka ƙarfi da yawa fiye da na SmCo maganadiso amma sun fi kula da yanayin zafi sosai.SmCo maganadiso kuma sun fi juriya ga lalata da ƙananan yanayin zafi amma sun fi tsada.Lokacin da zazzabi mai aiki ya kai matsakaicin zafin magnet ɗin maganadisu yana fara raguwa, kuma wannan lalatawar ba ta iya jurewa.Magnetization asarar maganadisu zai sa motar ta rasa ƙarfi kuma ta kasa saduwa da ƙayyadaddun bayanai.Idan maganadisu yana aiki ƙasa da matsakaicin zafin jiki 100% na lokaci, ƙarfinsa za a kiyaye shi kusan har abada.
Saboda mafi girman farashin SmCo maganadiso, NdFeB maganadiso shine zaɓin da ya dace don yawancin injina, musamman idan aka ba da ƙarfin mafi girma da ake samu.Koyaya, ga wasu aikace-aikacen da zafin aiki na iya yin girma sosai yana da kyau a yi amfani da maganadisu na SmCo don nisantar matsakaicin zafin aiki.
Zane na Motoci masu layi
An ƙirƙiri motar linzamin kwamfuta gabaɗaya ta hanyar Simulations Element Electromagnetic.Za a ƙirƙiri samfurin 3D don wakiltar tarin lamination, coils, magnets, da farantin karfe masu goyan bayan maganadisu.Za a yi samfurin iska a kusa da motar da kuma a cikin iska.Sa'an nan za a shigar da kaddarorin kayan don duk abubuwan da aka gyara: maganadisu, ƙarfe na lantarki, ƙarfe, coils, da iska.Sannan za a ƙirƙiri raga ta amfani da abubuwan H ko P kuma an warware samfurin.Sa'an nan kuma ana amfani da halin yanzu akan kowane nada a cikin samfurin.
Hoto na 6 yana nuna fitowar simulation inda aka nuna juzu'i a cikin tesla.Babban ƙimar fitarwa na sha'awa don simintin shine ba shakka Ƙarfin Mota kuma zai kasance samuwa.Saboda ƙarshen jujjuyawar coils ba ya haifar da wani ƙarfi, kuma yana yiwuwa a gudanar da simintin 2D ta amfani da ƙirar 2D (DXF ko wani tsari) na motar ciki har da laminations, magnets, da farantin karfe masu goyan bayan maganadisu.Fitowar irin wannan simintin 2D zai kasance kusa da simintin 3D kuma daidai ne don tantance ƙarfin motar.
Hoto 6
Motar shigar da linzamin kwamfuta za a ƙirƙira ta hanya ɗaya, ko dai ta hanyar ƙirar 3D ko 2D amma warwarewar za ta fi rikitarwa fiye da na PMLSM.Wannan saboda za'a ƙirƙira ƙarfin maganadisu na sakandare na PMLSM nan take bayan shigar da kaddarorin maganadisu, saboda haka warwarewa ɗaya kawai za a buƙaci don samun duk ƙimar fitarwa gami da ƙarfin mota.
Koyaya, juzu'i na biyu na injin induction zai buƙaci bincike na wucin gadi (ma'ana da yawa warwarewa a wani tazara da aka ba da shi) ta yadda za a iya gina magnetic flux na sakandaren LIM sannan kawai za a iya samun ƙarfin.Software da aka yi amfani da shi don simulation na Electromagnetic Finite Element zai buƙaci samun ikon gudanar da bincike na wucin gadi.
Matsayin Motocin Lantarki
Hoto 7
Kamfanin Hiwin yana samar da injina masu layi a matakin bangaren.A wannan yanayin, kawai motar linzamin kwamfuta da na'urori na biyu za a ba da su.Don injin PMLSM, na'urorin na biyu za su ƙunshi faranti na ƙarfe masu tsayi daban-daban a saman waɗanda za a haɗa magnetan dindindin.Kamfanin Hiwin kuma yana ba da cikakkun matakai kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto 7.
Irin wannan matakin ya haɗa da firam, ɗakuna na layi, firamare na mota, manyan maganadiso na biyu, abin hawa don abokin ciniki don haɗa kayan aikin sa, mai ɓoyewa, da waƙar kebul.Matsayin motar linzamin kwamfuta zai kasance a shirye don farawa akan bayarwa kuma ya sauƙaƙe rayuwa saboda abokin ciniki ba zai buƙaci ƙira da kera mataki ba, wanda ke buƙatar ilimin ƙwararru.
Rayuwar Sabis na Matsayin Mota na layi
Rayuwar sabis na matakin motsi na linzamin kwamfuta ya fi tsayi fiye da matakin da bel, dunƙule ball ko tarawa da pinion.Abubuwan injinan matakan da ake tuƙi a kaikaice galibi sune abubuwan farko da zasu gaza saboda gogayya da lalacewa da ake ci gaba da fallasa su.Matsayin motar linzamin kwamfuta hanya ce ta kai tsaye ba tare da tuntuɓar injina ko lalacewa ba saboda matsakaicin watsa iska.Don haka, kawai abubuwan da zasu iya kasawa akan matakin injin mai linzamin kwamfuta sune na'urar kai tsaye ko injin kanta.
Ƙaƙƙarfan linzamin kwamfuta yawanci suna da tsawon rayuwar sabis saboda nauyin radial yana da ƙasa sosai.Rayuwar sabis na motar za ta dogara ne akan matsakaicin zazzabi mai gudana.Hoto 8 yana nuna rayuwar rufin motar azaman aikin zafin jiki.Ka'idar ita ce rayuwar sabis ɗin za ta ragu da rabi na kowane digiri 10 na ma'aunin celcius cewa zafin zafin da ke gudana ya kasance sama da ƙimar da aka ƙididdigewa.Misali, injin Insulation Class F zai yi awoyi 325,000 a matsakaicin zafin jiki na 120°C.
Sabili da haka, ana tsammanin cewa matakin motar linzamin kwamfuta zai sami rayuwar sabis na shekaru 50+ idan an zaɓi motar ta hanyar ra'ayin mazan jiya, rayuwar sabis ɗin da ba za a taɓa samun ta hanyar bel, dunƙule ball, ko tara da matakan motsa pinion ba.
Hoto 8
Aikace-aikace don Motocin Linear
Motocin shigar da linzamin kwamfuta (LIM) galibi ana amfani da su a aikace-aikace tare da tsayin tafiya mai tsayi kuma inda ake buƙatar ƙarfi mai ƙarfi a haɗe tare da manyan gudu.Dalilin zaɓin injin shigar da linzamin kwamfuta shine saboda farashin na sakandare zai yi ƙasa da yawa fiye da yadda ake amfani da PMLSM kuma a cikin sauri sosai ingancin injin Induction na Linear yana da girma sosai, don haka ƙaramin ƙarfi zai yi asarar.
Misali, EMALS (Electromagnetic Launch Systems), da ake amfani da su akan dilolin jirgi don harba jiragen sama suna amfani da induction motors.An shigar da irin wannan tsarin na'ura mai linzami na farko a kan jirgin saman USS Gerald R. Ford.Motar na iya hanzarta jirgin sama mai nauyin kilogiram 45,000 a gudun kilomita 240 a kan hanya mai tsawon mita 91.
Wani misalin wurin shakatawa.Motocin shigar da linzamin kwamfuta da aka sanya akan wasu daga cikin waɗannan tsarin na iya haɓaka kaya mai yawa daga 0 zuwa 100 km/h a cikin daƙiƙa 3.Hakanan za'a iya amfani da matakan motsi na layi na layi akan RTUs, (Rakunan Sufuri na Robot).Yawancin RTUs suna amfani da rack da pinion drives amma injin shigar da linzamin kwamfuta na iya ba da babban aiki, ƙarancin farashi, da kuma tsawon sabis na rayuwa.
Motocin Daidaitawa na Magnet Dindindin
PMLSMs yawanci za a yi amfani da su akan aikace-aikace tare da ƙananan bugun jini, ƙananan gudu amma tsayi zuwa tsayin daka sosai da kuma hawan hawan aiki.Yawancin waɗannan aikace-aikacen ana samun su a cikin AOI (Automated Optical Inspection), semiconductor da masana'antar injin laser.
Zaɓin matakan motsa jiki na linzamin kwamfuta, (tuɓar kai tsaye), yana ba da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci akan abubuwan tafiyarwa kai tsaye, (matakan da ake samun motsin linzamin ta hanyar jujjuya motsi), don ƙira mai dorewa kuma sun dace da masana'antu da yawa.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-06-2023